04 October 2017

Proxy-Conflicts in Kazakhstan

Nazarbayev is a dictator and one supported by the United States. He brought his geographically expansive nation into the Western bloc during the 1990's. This move marked a major defeat for Russian interests and any dreams of Soviet irredentism.


Kazakhstan is rich in oil and natural gas and occupies a very important geopolitical position. It is part of the great puzzle that is Central Asia and thus it is a player in Cold War II...the renascent struggle between Russia and the West, between the nations that would see the world abandon uni- and bi-polarity and return to the historical norm of multipolarity and regional spheres of influence. In other words it's the struggle regarding whether or not America will master the world in some capacity or be relegated to being but one power among many.
There are many ways of looking at this question and not even everyone within the American Establishment agrees as to what model, form or style works best.
Nazarbayev's record is appalling and he would be condemned in any Western context or when judged by Liberal political values. And yet he is supported because he is toeing the Western line.
The region is a troubled one. Afghanistan sits on its periphery and it was clear even in the 1980s that Central Asia would be dragged into an era of turmoil. The troubles in Afghanistan were beginning to bleed over across the lines into Soviet Central Asia.
Ahmed Rashid's Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia provides some good and non-controversial background to the social and political tensions at work in the region. Written in 2002, the book is somewhat dated at this point, but only slightly.
Since 9/11 and the resurgence of Russia under Vladimir Putin there has been some trouble. Putin of course is painted as the aggressor though in reality he is merely attempting to roll back the influences of Wall Street, the Pentagon and the US State Department.
There have been troubles in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Tajikistan has remained relatively calm since its civil war in the 1990s and yet many paramilitary groups are based in and traverse its mountainous territory.
While Uzbekistan is probably the great prize, Kazakhstan comes in a close second. It's a nation on the rise and this article signifies the internal struggle between pro-Moscow factions (located in the KNB/NSC) and the Nazarbayev regime which remains firmly in the palm of Washington's hand.
And yet 'firmly' must be qualified. Nazarbayev is not so foolish as to simply hand over his regime to the good folks in Washington DC. He's in a rough neighbourhood and must get along with his neighbours. Kazakhstan is part of the SCO which some view as a counterpart to NATO. And yet the SCO does not wield the same kind of power as NATO, nor is it as unilaterally dominated as NATO is by the United States.
Beijing and Moscow view the SCO as a means to counter NATO expansion and in particular US bilateral military agreements with the nations of Asia. Its record thus far has been mixed. Kazakhstan has not enslaved itself to the West as a proxy in the same way Ukraine or Georgia have done but at the same time the level of US influence within Astana cannot be overstated.
Nazarbayev is 77 years old and he has controlled the country since 1991. His passing will mark the end of an era. Everyone, including China is preparing for that day. They are moving their pieces, setting up the board and waiting for the right moment to strike. China's OBOR (One Belt One Road) or the New Silk Road is about a lot more than just trade. It's all smiles and handshakes at the summits but the intrigue is worthy of a mafia film.
It can be safely said the Russians have lost this round, at least in Kazakhstan.
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