16 December 2019

The NATO Summit, Energy Policy and TANAP


The Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) has been completed. At one time this would have been reckoned a victory for US foreign policy but now given that Ankara has pivoted toward Moscow and Baku is not as solidly in the US column... there's nothing to celebrate.


For Europe this story represents a frustration, a point of angst... It brings to them a necessary gas supply but gives both Ankara and Moscow influence with regard to Southern Europe and even the Mediterranean in the form of Italy... an Italy plagued by instability and the Salvini led Lega Party.
Salvini who dominated the coalition government with the Five Star Movement (M5S) made a bid for total control earlier in 2019 but was out-maneuvered and is now the leader of the opposition. But he hasn't given up. Appealing to the party's right-wing base, Lega is once again openly talking about Italy breaking with the Euro. This combined with energy concerns will undoubtedly mean that Brussels and the powers that be in Europe (and America) are casting a wary eye on Italian politics. Western currencies and control of energy have been a key plank of Atlanticist power for decades. The SCO leading powers (Russia and China) would challenge this. From BRICS to new trade zones and China's OBOR project, the West is worried and this is no small factor in the ramping up of aggression vis-à-vis Russia and China. While the world watched the silly antics at the recent NATO summit, Stoltenberg spelled out its agenda... Great Powers Conflict, the West vs. Beijing and Moscow. Trump and now Macron aren't fully on board, at least with the framing of the narrative and these internal tensions have many worried.
The rise of Right-wing, anti-EU and anti-Atlantic parties puts the grand strategy in danger and thus the tug-of-war political machinations we've been watching in places like Ukraine and Georgia are spreading. The new Slovak president Caputova is not cut from the same cloth as the rest of her V4 compatriots. A friend to Brussels, her ascendancy marked a victory for the forces opposed to Orban and Poland's PiS. At the NATO summit she was being fawned over and it's not just because she's fairly young and somewhat attractive. This is all part of the game, the power struggle that has developed within NATO itself.
All of these things have to be taken into consideration when attempting to understand a story about gas pipelines and Southern Europe. Europe is dependent on Russian gas but a pro-Western Turkey provided a buffer, a controlling mechanism for negotiations. But now with Turkey's loyalty and agenda thrown into a state of uncertainty and with instability brewing within Europe's underbelly... things could get interesting. Over the next few winters, the energy watchers, politicos and strategic thinkers will be watching winter temperatures and the gas supply.
And the antagonism between Europe and Ankara continues to grow. France, probably more than any other European nation has retained an antagonistic relationship with Turkey. Blocking its entry into the EU and attacking it on other economic and cultural fronts, the tensions were all too clear when Erdogan shot off at Macron and told him to get his own brain death checked into, a somewhat undiplomatic retort to Macron's comments on NATO. The comment wasn't just about Erdogan's commitment to NATO but was part of the larger Ankara-Paris antagonism.
The Trump administration continues to push for a different solution, one that will cut out both Russia and Turkey. They want Europe to purchase US Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) that will be shipped across the Atlantic and then re-converted to gas for use in heating homes etc. Some in Europe, like outgoing EC president Jean-Claude Juncker have supported this, while France seems resistant and in fact has supported Russian gas projects and seems willing to help China build a larger LNG infrastructure. Chinese LNG wouldn't necessarily be coming to Europe but the move is less than appreciated by the rival United States. And you can be sure if the door opens and it's economically feasible, China would be more than happy to ship gas to Europe.
Macron (it would seem) is part of the faction that sees American LNG sales as little more than a new means of manipulation and control on the part of Washington. Macron who continues to push for European independence, even to the point of straining his relationship with Angela Merkel, doesn't believe the answers to Europe's troubles are found in Washington. Macron was almost a lone voice of dissent at the NATO summit, pushing instead for NATO to find its mission and raison d'être not in Stoltenberg's agenda of combating Beijing and Moscow (Great Power Conflicts) but in continuing and expanding the War on Terror. This proves convenient as Macron is battling a domestic political insurgency which he desperately wants to discredit and crack down on, and additionally France has been for the past decade pursuing a series of Neo-Colonial-type wars in North Africa centered on Mali.
In addition to pushing Europe into a LNG deal with Washington, the US Deep State also continues to pursue avenues of regime-change within Turkey. If Erdogan could be ousted and Turkey 'flipped' once more into the Atlantic camp... then Ankara could be used to not only block Moscow but it could also be used (to its own hurt) to push the Balkan nations into looking elsewhere for gas supply... namely the United States. US satraps are frequently called upon to fall upon their own swords and to embrace economic and financial policies which harm their own economies. The pliable political class is compensated of course but the 'game' is to make sure the society isn't pushed to the breaking point, leading to violence and insurrection. This has happened more than once.
The US has gradually lost control of Turkey over the past two decades. Erdogan's AKP has largely eradicated the mechanisms of US control and Washington's last desperate bid in the 2016 coup failed miserably. I'm sure there are still schemes in the works but they (apart from inflicting economic pain) don't have a lot of tools to work with right now. The US could reverse decades of policy and start openly backing the PKK but Turkey's military is not Syria's. It would be a bloodbath and this time Western media would cover it, unlike its abdication during the war of the 1980's and 1990's. It would create a further crisis within NATO and I'm sure the planners and plotters see no end-game, no way to use such an insurgency to replace Erdogan. Such a conflict would quickly turn into a proxy war like we saw in Syria but much worse... and with a country that touches the borders of the EU. Washington is not likely to find support for that project.
So once again, while the Turkey-Azeri-Southern Europe gas project would have been celebrated a decade ago, the dawn of the third decade of the 21st century marks a different time... a time of tension and uncertainty to be sure. Europe is divided and the future is uncertain. The optimism of the 1990's is clearly dead and buried.
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